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Laws of the Game 20072008

July 2007 -Authorised by the International Football Association Board

Authorised by the International Football Association Board

This booklet may not be reproduced or translated in whole
or in part in any manner without the permission of FIFA.

Published by
Fédération Internationale de Football Association
FIFA-Strasse 20, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland

FéDéRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION

President: Joseph S. Blatter (Switzerland)
General Secretary: Urs Linsi (Switzerland)
Address: FIFA, FIFA-Strasse 20, P.O. Box
8044 Zurich, Switzerland
Telephone: 41-(0)43-222 7777
Telefax: 41-(0)43-222 7878
Internet: www.FIFA.com

INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION BOARD (IFAB)

Members:
The Football Association
The Scottish Football Association
The Football Association of Wales
Irish Football Association
(1 vote each)

Fédération Internationale
de Football Association (FIFA)
(4 votes)

Next meeting of the International F.A. Board:
Scotland, 7-9 March 2008

NOTES ON THE LAWS OF THE GAME NOTES ON THE LAWS OF THE GAME
Modifi cations

Subject to the agreement of the member association concerned and
provided the principles of these Laws are maintained, the Laws may
be modified in their application for matches for players of under 16
years of age, for women footballers, for veteran footballers (over 35
years) and for players with disabilities.

Any or all of the following modifi cations are permissible:

.
size of the fi eld of play
.
size, weight and material of the ball
.
width between the goalposts and height of the crossbar from the
ground
.
duration of the periods of play
.
substitutions
Further modifications are only allowed with the consent of the International
Football Association Board.

Male and Female

Key

References to the male gender in the Laws of the Game in respect of
referees, assistant referees, players and officials are for simplifi cation
and apply to both males and females.

Throughout the Laws of the Game the following symbols are used:

* Unless covered by the Special Circumstances listed in Law 8 – The
Start and Restart of Play
Single line indicates new Law changes

CONTENTS CONTENTS
Law Page

1 6

The Field of Play

2 The Ball 14

3 The Number of Players 16

4 The Players’ Equipment 20

5 The Referee 23

6 The Assistant Referees 27

7 The Duration of the Match 28

8 The Start and Restart of Play 30

9 The Ball In and Out of Play 33

10 The Method of Scoring 34

11 Offside 35

12 Fouls and Misconduct 37

13 Free Kicks 42

14 The Penalty Kick 45

15 The Throw-In 48

16 The Goal Kick 50

17 The Corner Kick 52

Procedures to Determine the Winner of a Match
or home-and-away 54

The Technical Area 57

The Fourth Offi cial 58

Additional Instructions and Guidelines for Referees

Rules of the International Football Association Board

131

LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY
Field surface

Dimensions

Matches may be played on natural or artificial surfaces, according to
the rules of the competition.

The field of play must be rectangular. The length of the touch line must
be greater than the length of the goal line.

Length: minimum 90 m (100 yds)
maximum 120 m (130 yds)
Width: minimum 45 m (50 yds)
maximum 90 m (100 yds)

International Matches

Length: minimum 100 m (110 yds)
maximum 110 m (120 yds)
Width: minimum 64 m (70 yds)
maximum 75 m (80 yds)
Field Markings

The fi eld of play is marked with lines. These lines belong to the areas

of which they are boundaries.
The two longer boundary lines are called touch lines. The two shorter
lines are called goal lines.

All lines are not more than 12 cm (5 ins) wide.

The fi eld of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line.

The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line.

A circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) is marked around it.

The Goal Area

A goal area is defi ned at each end of the fi eld as follows:
Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5 m (6 yds) from
the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the fi eld of play
for a distance of 5.5 m (6 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel
with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line
is the goal area.

The Penalty Area

Flagposts

A penalty area is defi ned at each end of the fi eld as follows:
Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 16.5 m (18 yds)
from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the fi eld of
play for a distance of 16.5 m (18 yds) and are joined by a line drawn
parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the
goal line is the penalty area.

Within each penalty area, a penalty mark is made 11 m (12 yds) from
the midpoint bet ween the goalposts and equidistant to them. An arc
of a circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) from each penalty mark is
drawn outside the penalty area.

A flagpost, not less than 1.5 m (5 ft) high, with a non-pointed top and
a fl ag is placed at each corner.

Flagposts may also be placed at each end of the halfway line, not less
than 1 m (1 yd) outside the touch line.

The Corner Arc

A quarter circle with a radius of 1 m (1 yd) from each corner fl agpost
is drawn inside the fi eld of play.

LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY
Goals

Goals must be placed on the centre of each goal line.

They consist of two upright posts equidistant from the corner fl agposts
and joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar.

The distance between the posts is 7.32 m (8 yds) and the distance
from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 m (8 ft).

Both goalposts and the crossbar have the same width and depth,
which do not exceed 12 cm (5 ins). The goal lines are the same width
as that of the goalposts and the crossbar. Nets may be attached to the
goals and the ground behind the goal, provided that they are properly
supported and do not interfere with the goalkeeper.

The goalposts and crossbars must be white.

7.32m (8yds)
2.44m
(8ft)
8

Safety

Goals must be anchored securely to the ground. Portable goals may
only be used if they satisfy this requirement.

LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY
The Field of Play

PENALTY AREA
GOAL LINE CORNER ARC
TOUCHLINE
CENTRE MARK
CENTRE CIRCLE
HALFWAY LINE
PENALTY ARC
FLAGPOST
(optional)
TOUCHLINE
GOAL LINE
GOAL AREA
PENALTY MARK
CORNER FLAGPOST
(compulsory)
OPTIONAL MARK
Corner Flagpost

Flag to be not less than
1.5m/5ft high with a
non-pointed top
Lines to be not more
than 12cm/5ins wide
Corner arc
Corner flagpost is compulsory

Metric Measurements

16.5m
1 metre radius
Length: Maximum 120m Minimum 90m
Width:
Maximum 90 metres Minimum 45 metres
7.32m
9.15m
11m
5.5m
16.5m
Radius:
9.15m
5.5m
9.15m
Imperial Measurements

1 yard radius
Length: Maximum 130 yards Minimum 100 yards
Width:
Maximum 100 yards Minimum 50 yards
10 yards
12 yards
18 yards
Radius:
10 yards
6 yards
10 yards 18 yards 8 yards 6 yards

LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY
Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

If the crossbar becomes displaced or broken, play is stopped until it
has been repaired or replaced in position. If a repair is not possible,
the match is abandoned. The use of a rope to replace the crossbar is
not permitted. If the crossbar can be repaired, the match is restarted
with a dropped ball at the place where the ball was located when play
was stopped. * (see page 3)

Decision 2

Goalposts and crossbars must be made of wood, metal or other
approved material. Their shape may be square, rectangular, round or
elliptical and they must not be dangerous to players.

Decision 3

No kind of commercial advertising, whether real or virtual, is permitted
on the field of play and field equipment (including the goal nets and
the areas they enclose) from the time the teams enter the fi eld of play
until they have left it at half-time and from the time the teams re-enter
the field of play until the end of the match. In particular, no advertising
material of any kind may be displayed on goals, nets, flagposts or their
flags. No extraneous equipment (cameras, microphones, etc.) may be
attached to these items.

Decision 4

There should be no advertising of any kind on the ground within the
technical area or within one metre from the touchline. Further, no
advertising shall be allowed in the area between the goal line and the
goal nets.

Decision 5

The reproduction, whether real or virtual, of representative logos or
emblems of FIFA, confederations, member associations, leagues, clubs
or other bodies, is forbidden on the field of play and fi eld equipment
(including the goal nets and the areas they enclose) during playing
time, as described in Decision 3.

Decision 6

A mark may be made off the field of play, 9.15 metres (10 yds) from
the corner arc and at right angles to the goal lines, to ensure that this
distance is observed when a corner kick is being taken.

Decision 7

Where artificial surfaces are used in either competition matches
between representative teams of member associations affi liated to
FIFA or international club competition matches, the surface must meet
the requirements of the FIFA Quality Concept for Artificial Turf or
the International Artificial Turf Standard, unless special dispensation
is given by FIFA.

Decision 8

Where a technical area exists, it must meet the requirements approved
by the International F.A. Board, which are contained in this publication.

LAW 2 – THE BALL LAW 2 – THE BALL
Qualities and Measurements

The ball is:

.
spherical
.
made of leather or other suitable material
.
of a circumference of not more than 70 cm (28 ins) and not less
than 68 cm (27 ins)

.
not more than 450 g (16 oz) in weight and not less than 410 g
(14 oz) at the start of the match
.
of a pressure equal to 0.6 – 1.1 atmosphere (600 – 1100 g/cm2) at
sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in 15.6 lbs/sq in)

Replacement of a Defective Ball

If the ball bursts or becomes defective during the course of a match:

.
the match is stopped
.
the match is restarted by dropping the replacement ball at the
place where the fi rst ball became defective * (see page 3)
If the ball bursts or becomes defective whilst not in play at a kick-off,
goal kick, corner kick, free kick, penalty kick or throw-in:

.
the match is restarted accordingly
The ball may not be changed during the match without the authority
of the referee.

14

Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

In competition matches, only footballs which meet the minimum technical
requirements stipulated in Law 2 are permitted for use.
In FIFA competition matches, and in competition matches organised
under the auspices of the confederations, acceptance of a football for
use is conditional upon the football bearing one of the following three
designations:

. the offi cial “FIFA APPROVED” logo, or
. the offi cial “FIFA INSPECTED” logo, or
. the reference “INTERNATIONAL MATCHBALL STANDARD”
Such a designation on a football indicates that it has been tested
officially and found to be in compliance with specific technical requirements,
different for each category and additional to the minimum
specifications stipulated in Law 2. The list of the additional requirements
specific to each of the respective categories must be approved
by the International F.A. Board. The institutes conducting the tests are
subject to the approval of FIFA.

Member association competitions may require the use of balls bearing
any one of these three designations.
In all other matches, the ball used must satisfy the requirements of
Law 2.

Decision 2

In FIFA competition matches and in competition matches organised
under the auspices of the confederations and member associations,
no kind of commercial advertising on the ball is permitted, except for
the emblem of the competition, the competition organiser and the
authorised trademark of the manufacturer. The competition regulations
may restrict the size and number of such markings.

LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS
Players

A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than
eleven players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. A match may not start
if either team consists of fewer than seven players.

Offi cial Competitions

Up to a maximum of three substitutes may be used in any match
played in an official competition organised under the auspices of FIFA,
the confederations or the member associations.

The rules of the competition must state how many substitutes may be
nominated, from three up to a maximum of seven.

Other Matches

In national A team matches, up to a maximum of six substitutes may
be used.

In all other matches, a greater number of substitutes may be used
provided that:

. the teams concerned reach agreement on a maximum number;
. the referee is informed before the match.
If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the
match, no more than six substitutes are allowed.

All Matches

In all matches, the names of the substitutes must be given to the
referee prior to the start of the match. Substitutes not so named may
not take part in the match.

Substitution Procedure

To replace a player by a substitute, the following conditions must be
observed:

.
the referee is informed before any proposed substitution is made
.
a substitute only enters the field of play after the player being
replaced has left and after receiving a signal from the referee
.
a substitute only enters the field of play at the halfway line and
during a stoppage in the match
.
a substitution is completed when a substitute enters the fi eld of
play
.
from that moment, the substitute becomes a player and the player
he has replaced ceases to be a player
.
a player who has been replaced takes no further part in the
match
.
all substitutes are subject to the authority and jurisdiction of the
referee, whether called upon to play or not
17

LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS
Changing the Goalkeeper

Any of the other players may change places with the goalkeeper,
provided that:

.
the referee is informed before the change is made
.
the change is made during a stoppage in the match
Infringements/Sanctions

If a substitute enters the field of play without the referee’s permission:

.
play is stopped
.
the substitute is cautioned, shown the yellow card and required to
leave the fi eld of play
.
play is restarted with an indirect free kick at the place the ball was
located when play was stopped * (see page 3)
If a player changes places with the goalkeeper without the referee’s
permission before the change is made:

.
play continues
.
the players concerned are cautioned and shown the yellow card
when the ball is next out of play
For any other infringements of this Law:

.
the players concerned are cautioned and shown the yellow card
Restart of Play

If play is stopped by the referee to administer a caution:

.
the match is restarted by an indirect free kick, to be taken by a
player of the opposing team from the place where the ball was
located when play was stopped * (see page 3)
18

Players and Substitutes Sent Off

A player who has been sent off before the kick-off may be replaced
only by one of the named substitutes.
A named substitute who has been sent off, either before the kick-off
or after play has started, may not be replaced.

Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

Subject to the overriding conditions of Law 3, the minimum number of
players in a team is left to the discretion of member associations. The
Board is of the opinion, however, that a match should not continue if
there are fewer than seven players in either team.

Decision 2

A team official may convey tactical instructions to the players during
the match and he must return to his position after giving these
instructions. All officials must remain within the confines of the technical
area, where such an area is provided, and they must behave in a
responsible manner.

LAW 4 – THE PLAYERS’ EQUIPMENT LAW 4 – THE PLAYERS’ EQUIPMENT
Safety

A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous
to himself or another player (including any kind of jewellery).

Basic Equipment

The basic compulsory equipment of a player comprises the following
separate items:

.
a jersey or shirt – if undergarments are worn, the colour of the
sleeve should be the same main colour as the sleeve of the jersey
or shirt.
.
shorts – if undershorts are worn, they are of the same main colour
as the shorts
.
stockings
.
shinguards
.
footwear
.
are covered entirely by the stockings
.
are made of a suitable material (rubber, plastic, or similar substances)
.
provide a reasonable degree of protection
Shinguards

Goalkeepers
. each goalkeeper wears colours that distinguish him from the other
players, the referee and the assistant referees

Infringements/Sanctions

For any infringement of this Law:

.
play need not be stopped
.
the player at fault is instructed by the referee to leave the fi eld of
play to correct his equipment
.
the player leaves the fi eld of play when the ball next ceases to be
in play, unless he has already corrected his equipment
.
any player required to leave the field of play to correct his equipment
does not re-enter without the referee’s permission
.
the referee checks that the player’s equipment is correct before
allowing him to re-enter the fi eld of play
.
the player is only allowed to re-enter the field of play when the
ball is out of play
A player who has been required to leave the field of play because of
an infringement of this Law and who enters (or re-enters) the fi eld
of play without the referee’s permission is cautioned and shown the
yellow card.

Restart of Play

If play is stopped by the referee to administer a caution:

.
the match is restarted by an indirect free kick taken by a player of
the opposing side, from the place where the ball was located when
the referee stopped the match * (see page 3)
21

LAW 4 – THE PLAYERS’ EQUIPMENT LAW 4 – THE PLAYERS’ EQUIPMENT
Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

.
Players must not reveal undershirts that contain slogans or advertising.
The basic compulsory equipment must not contain any
political, religious or personal statements.
.
A player removing his jersey to reveal slogans or advertising will
be sanctioned by the competition organiser. The team of a player
whose basic compulsory equipment contains political, religious or
personal slogans or statements will be sanctioned by the competition
organiser or by FIFA.
.
Jerseys must have sleeves.
22

LAW 5 – THE REFEREE LAW 5 – THE REFEREE
The Authority of the Referee

Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to enforce
the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has
been appointed.

Powers and Duties

The Referee:

.
enforces the Laws of the Game
.
controls the match in co-operation with the assistant referees and,
where applicable, with the fourth offi cial
.
ensures that any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2
.
ensures that the players’ equipment meets the requirements of
Law 4
.
acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match
.
stops, suspends or terminates the match, at his discretion, for any
infringements of the Laws
.
stops, suspends or terminates the match because of outside interference
of any kind
.
stops the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and
ensures that he is removed from the field of play. An injured player
may only return to the fi eld of play after the match has restarted
.
allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in
his opinion, only slightly injured
.
ensures that any player bleeding from a wound leaves the fi eld
of play. The player may only return on receiving a signal from the
referee, who must be satisfi ed that the bleeding has stopped
.
allows play to continue when the team against which an offence
has been committed will benefit from such an advantage and
penalises the original offence if the anticipated advantage does
not ensue at that time
.
punishes the more serious offence when a player commits more
than one offence at the same time
.
takes disciplinary action against players guilty of cautionable and
sending-off offences. He is not obliged to take this action immediately
but must do so when the ball next goes out of play
23

LAW 5 – THE REFEREE LAW 5 – THE REFEREE
.
takes action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves
in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them
from the fi eld of play and its immediate surrounds
.
acts on the advice of assistant referees regarding incidents that he
has not seen
.
ensures that no unauthorised persons enter the fi eld of play
.
restarts the match after it has been stopped
.
provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, which
includes information on any disciplinary action taken against players,
and/or team officials and any other incidents that occurred
before, during or after the match
Decisions of the Referee

The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play are
fi nal.

The referee may only change a decision on realising that it is incorrect
or, at his discretion, on the advice of an assistant referee, provided that
he has not restarted play or terminated the match.

Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

A referee (or where applicable, an assistant referee or fourth offi cial)
is not held liable for:
any kind of injury suffered by a player, offi cial or spectator
any damage to property of any kind
any other loss suffered by any individual, club, company, association
or other body, which is due or which may be due to any decision that
he may take under the terms of the Laws of the Game or in respect of
the normal procedures required to hold, play and control a match.

This may include:

.
a decision that the condition of the field of play or its surrounds or
that the weather conditions are such as to allow or not to allow a
match to take place
.
a decision to abandon a match for whatever reason
.
a decision as to the condition of the fixtures or equipment used
during a match including the goalposts, crossbar, flagposts and the
ball
.
a decision to stop or not to stop a match due to spectator interference
or any problem in the spectator area
.
a decision to stop or not to stop play to allow an injured player to
be removed from the fi eld of play for treatment
.
a decision to request or insist that an injured player be removed
from the fi eld of play for treatment
.
a decision to allow or not to allow a player to wear certain apparel
or equipment
.
a decision (in so far as this may be his responsibility) to allow or
not to allow any persons (including team or stadium offi cials, security
officers, photographers or other media representatives) to be
present in the vicinity of the fi eld of play
.
any other decision that he may take in accordance with the Laws
of the Game or in conformity with his duties under the terms of
FIFA, confederation, member association or league rules or regulations
under which the match is played
25

LAW 5 – THE REFEREE LAW 5 – THE REFEREE
Decision 2

In tournaments or competitions where a fourth official is appointed,
his role and duties must be in accordance with the guidelines
approved by the International F.A. Board, which are contained in this
publication.

Decision 3

Facts connected with play shall include whether a goal is scored or not
and the result of the match.

LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
Duties

Assistance

Two assistant referees are appointed whose duties, subject to the
decision of the referee, are to indicate:

.
when the whole of the ball has passed out of the fi eld of play
.
which side is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in
.
when a player may be penalised for being in an offside position
.
when a substitution is requested
.
when misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of the
view of the referee
.
when offences have been committed whenever the assistants are
closer to the action than the referee (this includes, in particular
circumstances, offences committed in the penalty area)
.
whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper has moved forward
before the ball has been kicked and if the ball has crossed the
line
The assistant referees also assist the referee to control the match in
accordance with the Laws of the Game. In particular, they may enter
the fi eld of play to help control the 9.15 m distance.

In the event of undue interference or improper conduct, the referee
will relieve an assistant referee of his duties and make a report to the
appropriate authorities.

LAW 7 – THE DURATION OF THE MATCH LAW 7 – THE DURATION OF THE MATCH
Periods of Play

The match lasts two equal periods of 45 minutes, unless otherwise
mutually agreed between the referee and the two participating teams.
Any agreement to alter the periods of play (for example to reduce
each half to 40 minutes because of insufficient light) must be made
before the start of play and must comply with competition rules.

Half-Time Interval

Players are entitled to an interval at half-time.
The half-time interval must not exceed 15 minutes.
Competition rules must state the duration of the half-time interval.
The duration of the half-time interval may be altered only with the
consent of the referee.

Allowance for Time Lost

Allowance is made in either period for all time lost through:

. substitution(s)
. assessment of injury to players
. removal of injured players from the fi eld of play for treatment
. wasting time
. any other cause
The allowance for time lost is at the discretion of the referee.

Penalty Kick

If a penalty kick has to be taken or retaken, the duration of either half
is extended until the penalty kick is completed.

Abandoned Match

An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules provide
otherwise.

LAW 8 – THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY LAW 8 – THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY
Preliminaries

Kick-off

Procedure

A coin is tossed and the team that wins the toss decides which goal
it will attack in the fi rst half of the match.

The other team takes the kick-off to start the match.

The team that wins the toss takes the kick-off to start the second half
of the match.

In the second half of the match, the teams change ends and attack
the opposite goals.

A kick-off is a way of starting or restarting play:

.
at the start of the match
.
after a goal has been scored
.
at the start of the second half of the match
.
at the start of each period of extra time, where applicable
A goal may be scored directly from the kick-off.

.
all players are in their own half of the fi eld
.
the opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least 9.15 m
(10 yds) from the ball until it is in play
.
the ball is stationary on the centre mark
.
the referee gives a signal
.
the ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward
.
the kicker does not touch the ball a second time until it has touched
another player
After a team scores a goal, the kick-off is taken by the other team.

Infringements/Sanctions

If the kicker touches the ball a second time before it has touched
another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team to be taken
from the place where the infringement occurred * (see page 3)
For any other infringement of the kick-off procedure:

.
the kick-off is retaken
Dropped Ball

A dropped ball is a way of restarting the match after a temporary stoppage
that becomes necessary, while the ball is in play, for any reason
not mentioned elsewhere in the Laws of the Game.

LAW 8 – THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY LAW 8 – THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY
Procedure

The referee drops the ball at the place where it was located when play
was stopped. * (see page 3)

Play restarts when the ball touches the ground.

Infringements/Sanctions

The ball is dropped again:

.
if it is touched by a player before it makes contact with the
ground
.
if the ball leaves the field of play after it makes contact with the
ground, without a player touching it
Special Circumstances

A free kick awarded to the defending team inside its own goal area is
taken from any point within the goal area.

An indirect free kick awarded to the attacking team in its opponents’
goal area is taken from the goal area line parallel to the goal line at
the point nearest to where the infringement occurred.

A dropped ball to restart the match after play has been temporarily
stopped inside the goal area takes place on the goal area line parallel
to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located
when play was stopped.

LAW 9 – THE BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY LAW 9 – THE BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY
Ball Out of Play

Ball In Play

The ball is out of play when:

.
it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the
ground or in the air
.
play has been stopped by the referee
The ball is in play at all other times, including when:

.
it rebounds from a goalpost, crossbar or corner fl agpost and
remains in the fi eld of play
.
it rebounds from either the referee or an assistant referee when
they are on the fi eld of play
Ball rebounding from
corner fl agpost, goal
post or crossbar into
field of play is in play Ball in play
Ball in play
Ball in play
Ball in play
Ball out of play

LAW 10 – THE METHOD OF SCORING LAW 10 – THE METHOD OF SCORING
Goal Scored

A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal
line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no
infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously
by the team scoring the goal.

Winning Team

The team scoring the greater number of goals during a match is the
winner. If both teams score an equal number of goals, or if no goals
are scored, the match is drawn.

Competition Rules

When competition rules require there to be a winning team after a
match or home-and-away tie, only the following procedures, which
have been approved by the International F.A. Board, are permitted

. Away goals rule
. Extra time
. Kicks from the penalty mark
Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

Only procedures to determine the winner of a match, which are
approved by the International F.A. Board and contained in this publication,
are permitted in competition rules.

No goal
No goal
No goal
Goal
34

LAW 11 – OFFSIDE LAW 11 – OFFSIDE
Offside Position

Offence

No Offence

It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position.
A player is in an offside position if:

.
he is nearer to his opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the
second last opponent
A player is not in an offside position if:

.
he is in his own half of the fi eld of play or
.
he is level with the second last opponent or
.
he is level with the last two opponents
A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment the
ball touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of
the referee, involved in active play by:

.
interfering with play or
.
interfering with an opponent or
.
gaining an advantage by being in that position
There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:

.
a goal kick or
.
a throw-in or
.
a corner kick
Infringements/Sanctions

For any offside offence, the referee awards an indirect free kick to the
opposing team to be taken from the place where the infringement
occurred. * (see page 3)

LAW 11 – OFFSIDE LAW 11 – OFFSIDE
Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

In the definition of offside position, “nearer to his opponents’ goal
line” means that any part of his head, body or feet is nearer to his
opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second last opponent.
The arms are not included in this defi nition.

Decision 2

The definitions of elements of involvement in active play are as follows:

.
Interfering with play means playing or touching the ball passed or
touched by a team-mate.
.
Interfering with an opponent means preventing an opponent from
playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the
opponent’s line of vision or movements or making a gesture or
movement which, in the opinion of the referee, deceives or distracts
an opponent.
.
Gaining an advantage by being in that position means playing a
ball that rebounds to him off a post or the crossbar having been
in an offside position or playing a ball that rebounds to him off an
opponent having been in an offside position.
36

LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT
Fouls and misconduct are penalised as follows:

Direct Free Kick

A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits
any of the following six offences in a manner considered by the referee
to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:

.
kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
.
trips or attempts to trip an opponent
.
jumps at an opponent
.
charges an opponent
.
strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
.
pushes an opponent
A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player
commits any of the following four offences:

.
tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball, making contact
with the opponent before touching the ball
.
holds an opponent
.
spits at an opponent
.
handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his
own penalty area)
A direct free kick is taken from where the offence occurred. * (see
page 3)

Penalty Kick

A penalty kick is awarded if any of the above ten offences is committed
by a player inside his own penalty area, irrespective of the position
of the ball, provided it is in play.

LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT
Indirect Free Kick

An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper,
inside his own penalty area, commits any of the following four offences:

.
takes more than six seconds while controlling the ball with his
hands before releasing it from his possession
.
touches the ball again with his hands after it has been released
from his possession and has not touched any other player
.
touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked
to him by a team-mate
.
touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from
a throw-in taken by a team-mate
An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player,
in the opinion of the referee:

.
plays in a dangerous manner
.
impedes the progress of an opponent
.
prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands
.
commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12,
for which play is stopped to caution or dismiss a player
The indirect free kick is taken from where the offence occurred. * (see
page 3)

Disciplinary Sanctions

Only a player or substitute or substituted player may be shown the red
or yellow card.

The referee has the authority to take disciplinary sanctions, as from the
moment he enters the field of play until he leaves the field of play
after the fi nal whistle.

Cautionable Offences

A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of
the following seven offences:

1.
is guilty of unsporting behaviour
2.
shows dissent by word or action
3.
persistently infringes the Laws of the Game
4.
delays the restart of play
5.
fails to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a
corner kick, free kick or throw-in
6.
enters or re-enters the field of play without the referee’s permission
7.
deliberately leaves the field of play without the referee’s permission
A substitute or substituted player is cautioned and shown the yellow
card if he commits any of the following three offences:

1.
is guilty of unsporting behaviour
2.
shows dissent by word or action
3.
delays the restart of play
Sending-Off Offences

A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off and shown the red
card if he commits any of the following seven offences:

1.
is guilty of serious foul play
2.
is guilty of violent conduct
3.
spits at an opponent or any other person
4.
denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goalscoring opportunity
by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a
goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
5.
denies an obvious goalscoring opportunity to an opponent moving
towards the player’s goal by an offence punishable by a free kick
or a penalty kick
6.
uses offensive or insulting or abusive language and/or gestures
7.
receives a second caution in the same match
A player, substitute or substituted player who has been sent off and
shown the red card must leave the vicinity of the field of play and the
technical area.

LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT LAW 12 – FOULS AND MISCONDUCT
Decisions of the International F.A. Board

Decision 1

A player who commits a cautionable or sending-off offence, either
on or off the field of play, whether directed towards an opponent, a
team-mate, the referee, an assistant referee or any other person, is
disciplined according to the nature of the offence committed.

Decision 2

The goalkeeper is considered to be in control of the ball by touching
it with any part of his hand or arms. Possession of the ball includes
the goalkeeper deliberately parrying the ball, but does not include the
circumstances where, in the opinion of the referee, the ball rebounds
accidentally from the goalkeeper, for example after he has made a
save.

Decision 3

Subject to the terms of Law 12, a player may pass the ball to his own
goalkeeper using his head or chest or knee, etc. If, however, in the
opinion of the referee, a player uses a deliberate trick while the ball is
in play in order to circumvent the Law, the player is guilty of unsporting
behaviour. He is cautioned, shown the yellow card and an indirect
free kick is awarded to the opposing team from the place where the
infringement occurred. * (see page 3)
A player using a deliberate trick to circumvent the Law while he is
taking a free kick is cautioned for unsporting behaviour and shown
the yellow card. The free kick is retaken.
In such circumstances, it is irrelevant whether the goalkeeper subsequently
touches the ball with his hands or not. The offence is committed
by the player in attempting to circumvent both the letter and
the spirit of Law 12.

Decision 4

A tackle, which endangers the safety of an opponent, must be sanctioned
as serious foul play.

Decision 5

Any simulating action anywhere on the field, which is intended to
deceive the referee, must be sanctioned as unsporting behaviour.

Decision 6

A player who removes his jersey when celebrating a goal must be
cautioned for unsporting behaviour.

LAW 13 – FREE KICKS LAW 13 – FREE KICKS
Types of Free Kicks

Free kicks are either direct or indirect.

For both direct and indirect free kicks, the ball must be stationary
when the kick is taken and the kicker does not touch the ball a second
time until it has touched another player.

The Direct Free Kick

.
if a direct free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a
goal is awarded
.
if a direct free kick is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a
corner kick is awarded to the opposing team
The Indirect Free Kick

Signal

The referee indicates an indirect free kick by raising his arm above his
head. He maintains his arm in that position until the kick has been
taken and the ball has touched another player or goes out of play.

Ball Enters the Goal

A goal can be scored only if the ball subsequently touches another
player before it enters the goal.

.
if an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal,
a goal kick is awarded
.
if an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the team’s own goal,
a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team
42

Position of Free Kick

Free Kick Inside the Penalty Area

Direct or indirect free kick to the defending team:

.
all opponents are at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball
.
all opponents remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in
play
.
the ball is in play when it is kicked directly beyond the penalty
area
.
a free kick awarded in the goal area is taken from any point inside
that area
Indirect free kick to the attacking team:

.
all opponents are at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball until it is
in play, unless they are on their own goal line between the goalposts
.
the ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
.
an indirect free kick awarded inside the goal area is taken from
that part of the goal area line which runs parallel to the goal line,
at the point nearest to where the infringement occurred
Free Kick Outside the Penalty Area

.
all opponents are at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball until it is
in play
.
the ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
.
the free kick is taken from the place where the infringement
occurred
Infringements/Sanctions

If, when a free kick is taken, an opponent is closer to the ball than the
required distance:

.
the kick is retaken
If, when a free kick is taken by the defending team from inside its own
penalty area, the ball is not kicked directly into play:

.
the kick is retaken
43

LAW 13 – FREE KICKS LAW 13 – FREE KICKS
Free kick taken by a player other than the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball a second time
(except with his hands) before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
If, after the ball is in play, the kicker deliberately handles the ball before
it has touched another player:

.
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be
taken from the place where the infringement occurred * (see page 3)
.
a penalty kick is awarded if the infringement occurred inside the
kicker’s penalty area
Free kick taken by the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches the ball a second
time (except with his hands), before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick
to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball
before it has touched another player:

.
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement
occurred outside the goalkeeper’s penalty area, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred * (see
page 3)
.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the
infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper’s penalty area, the
kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
44

LAW 14 – THE PENALTY KICK LAW 14 – THE PENALTY KICK
A penalty kick is awarded against a team that commits one of the ten
offences for which a direct free kick is awarded, inside its own penalty
area and while the ball is in play.

A goal may be scored directly from a penalty kick.

Additional time is allowed for a penalty kick to be taken at the end of
each half or at the end of periods of extra time.

Position of the Ball and the Players

The ball:

.
is placed on the penalty mark
The player taking the penalty kick:

.
is properly identifi ed
The defending goalkeeper:

.
remains on his goal line, facing the kicker, between the goalposts
until the ball has been kicked
The players other than the kicker are located:

. inside the fi eld of play
. outside the penalty area
.
behind the penalty mark
.
at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the penalty mark
The Referee

.
does not signal for a penalty kick to be taken until the players have
taken up position in accordance with the Law
.
decides when a penalty kick has been completed
45

LAW 14 – THE PENALTY KICK LAW 14 – THE PENALTY KICK
Procedure

.
the player taking the penalty kicks the ball forward
.
he does not play the ball a second time until it has touched
another player
.
the ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward
When a penalty kick is taken during the normal course of play, or time
has been extended at half-time or full time to allow a penalty kick to
be taken or retaken, a goal is awarded if, before passing between the
goalposts and under the crossbar:

.
the ball touches either or both of the goalposts and/or the crossbar,
and/or the goalkeeper
Infringements/Sanctions

If the referee gives the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and, before
the ball is in play, one of the following situations occurs:

The player taking the penalty kick infringes the Laws of the Game:

.
the referee allows the kick to proceed
.
if the ball enters the goal, the kick is retaken
.
if the ball does not enter the goal, the referee stops play and
restarts the match with an indirect free kick to the defending team,
from the place where the infringement occurred.
The goalkeeper infringes the Laws of the Game:

.
the referee allows the kick to proceed
.
if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded
.
if the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken.
A team-mate of the player taking the kick infringes the Laws of the Game:

A team-mate of the goalkeeper infringes the Laws of the Game:

.
the referee allows the kick to proceed
.
if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded
.
if the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken
A player of both the defending team and the attacking team infringe
the Laws of the Game:

.
the kick is retaken
If, after the penalty kick has been taken:

The kicker touches the ball a second time (except with his hands)
before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick
to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
The kicker deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another
player:

.
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be
taken from the place where the infringement occurred * (see page 3)
The ball is touched by an outside agent as it moves forward:

.
the kick is retaken
The ball rebounds into the field of play from the goalkeeper, the crossbar
or the goalposts, and is then touched by an outside agent:

.
the referee stops play
.
play is restarted with a dropped ball at the place where it touched
the outside agent * (see page 3)
47

LAW 15 – THE THROW-IN LAW 15 – THE THROW-IN
Procedure

A throw-in is a method of restarting play.

A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in.
A throw-in is awarded:

.
when the whole of the ball passes over the touch line, either on
the ground or in the air
.
from the point where it crossed the touch line
.
to the opponents of the player who last touched the ball
At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower:

.
faces the fi eld of play
.
has part of each foot either on the touch line or on the ground
outside the touch line
.
uses both hands
.
delivers the ball from behind and over his head
The thrower may not touch the ball again until it has touched another
player.

All opponents must stand no less than 2 meters from the point at
which the throw-in is taken.

The ball is in play immediately after it enters the fi eld of play.

Infringements/Sanctions

Throw-in taken by a player other than the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the thrower touches the ball a second time
(except with his hands) before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
If, after the ball is in play, the thrower deliberately handles the ball
before it has touched another player:

.
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be
taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
.
a penalty kick is awarded if the infringement occurred inside the
thrower’s penalty area
Throw-in taken by the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches the ball a second
time (except with his hands), before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball
before it has touched another player:

.
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement
occurred outside the goalkeeper’s penalty area, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the
infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper’s penalty area, the
kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
If an opponent unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower:

.
he is cautioned for unsporting behaviour and shown the yellow
card
For any other infringement of this Law:

.
the throw-in is taken by a player of the opposing team
49

LAW 16 – THE GOAL KICK LAW 16 – THE GOAL KICK
Procedure

A goal kick is a method of restarting play.
A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the
opposing team.

A goal kick is awarded when:

.
the whole of the ball, having last touched a player of the attacking
team, passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air,
and a goal is not scored in accordance with Law 10
.
the ball is kicked from any point within the goal area by a player
of the defending team
.
opponents remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in
play

.
the kicker does not play the ball a second time until it has touched
another player
.
the ball is in play when it is kicked directly beyond the penalty
area
Infringements/Sanctions

If the ball is not kicked directly into play beyond the penalty area:

.
the kick is retaken
Goal kick taken by a player other than the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball a second time
(except with his hands) before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
50

If, after the ball is in play, the kicker deliberately handles the ball before
it has touched another player:

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches the ball a second
time (except with his hands) before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball
before it has touched another player:

.
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the infringement
occurred outside the goalkeeper’s penalty area, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the
infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper’s penalty area, the
kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
For any other infringement of this Law:

.
the kick is retaken
51

LAW 17 – THE CORNER KICK LAW 17 – THE CORNER KICK
Procedure

A corner kick is a method of restarting play.
A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the
opposing team.

A corner kick is awarded when:

.
the whole of the ball, having last touched a player of the defending
team, passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the
air, and a goal is not scored in accordance with Law 10
.
the ball is placed inside the corner arc at the nearest corner fl agpost
.
the corner fl agpost is not moved
.
opponents remain at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the corner arc until
the ball is in play

.
the ball is kicked by a player of the attacking team
.
the ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
.
the kicker does not play the ball a second time until it has touched
another player
52

Infringements/Sanctions

Corner kick taken by a player other than the goalkeeper

If, after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball a second time
(except with his hands) before it has touched another player:

If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper touches the ball a second
time (except with his hands) before it has touched another player:

.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to
be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
If, after the ball is in play, the goalkeeper deliberately handles the ball
before it has touched another player:

.
a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the
infringement occurred outside the goalkeeper’s penalty area,
the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement
occurred * (see page 3)
.
an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if the
infringement occurred inside the goalkeeper’s penalty area, the
kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* (see page 3)
For any other infringement:

.
the kick is retaken
53

PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE THE WINNER OF A MATCH OR HOME-AND-AWAY PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE THE WINNER OF A MATCH OR HOME-AND-AWAY
Away goals, extra time and taking kicks from the penalty mark are
methods of determining the winning team where competition rules
require there to be a winning team after a match has been drawn or
home-and-away.

Away Goals

Competition rules may provide that where teams play each other
home and away, if the scores are equal after the second match, any
goals scored at the ground of the opposing team will count double.

Extra Time

Competition rules may provide for two further equal periods, not
exceeding 15 minutes each, to be played. The conditions of Law 8
will apply.

Kicks from the penalty mark

Procedure

.
The referee chooses the goal at which the kicks will be taken
.
The referee tosses a coin and the team whose captain wins the
toss decides whether to take the fi rst or the second kick
.
The referee keeps a record of the kicks being taken
.
Subject to the conditions explained below, both teams take fi ve
kicks
.
The kicks are taken alternately by the teams
.
If, before both teams have taken five kicks, one has scored more
goals than the other could score, even if it were to complete its
fi ve kicks, no more kicks are taken
.
If, after both teams have taken five kicks, both have scored the
same number of goals, or have not scored any goals, kicks continue
to be taken in the same order until one team has scored a
goal more than the other from the same number of kicks
.
A goalkeeper who is injured while kicks are being taken from the
penalty mark and is unable to continue as goalkeeper may be
replaced by a named substitute provided his team has not used the
maximum number of substitutes permitted under the competition
rules
54

.
With the exception of the foregoing case, only players who are
on the fi eld of play at the end of the match, which includes extra
time where appropriate, are allowed to take kicks from the penalty
mark
.
Each kick is taken by a different player and all eligible players must
take a kick before any player can take a second kick
.
An eligible player may change places with the goalkeeper at any
time when kicks from the penalty mark are being taken
.
Only the eligible players and match officials are permitted to
remain on the field of play when kicks from the penalty mark are
being taken
.
All players, except the player taking the kick and the two goalkeepers,
must remain within the centre circle
.
The goalkeeper who is the team-mate of the kicker must remain
on the field of play, outside the penalty area in which the kicks
are being taken, on the goal line where it meets the penalty area
boundary line
.
Unless otherwise stated, the relevant Laws of the Game and International
F.A. Board
Decisions apply when kicks from the penalty mark are being
taken
TAKING KICKS FROM THE PENALTY MARK

All other
players within
centre circle

No offi cials,
coaches, etc.,

Assistant referee

allowed on fi eld
of play

Kicker

Referee

Assistant referee

Goalkeeper of
kicker’s team

PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE THE WINNER OF A MATCH OR HOME-AND-AWAY PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE THE WINNER OF A MATCH OR HOME-AND-AWAY
.
When a team finishes the match with a greater number of players
than their opponents, they shall reduce their numbers to equate
with that of their opponents and inform the referee of the name
and number of each player excluded. The team captain has this
responsibility.
.
Before the start of kicks from the penalty mark the referee shall
ensure that only an equal number of players from each team
remain within the centre circle and they shall take the kicks.
56

THE TECHNICAL AREA THE TECHNICAL AREA
The technical area described in Law 3, International F.A. Board Decision
no. 2, relates particularly to matches played in stadia with a
designated seated area for technical staff and substitutes as shown
below.

Technical areas may vary between stadia, for example in size or location,
and the following notes are issued for general guidance.

.
The technical area extends 1 m (1 yd) on either side of the designated
seated area and extends forward up to a distance of 1 m
(1 yd) from the touch line
.
It is recommended that markings are used to defi ne this area
.
The number of persons permitted to occupy the technical area is
defi ned by the competition rules
.
The occupants of the technical area are identified before the beginning
of the match in accordance with the competition rules
.
Only one person at a time is authorised to convey tactical instructions
and he must return to his position after giving these instructions
.
The coach and other officials must remain within the confi nes of
the technical area except in special circumstances, for example,
a physiotherapist or doctor entering the field of play, with the
referee’s permission, to assess an injured player
.
The coach and other occupants of the technical area must behave
in a responsible manner
57

THE FOURTH OFFICIAL THE FOURTH OFFICIAL
.
The fourth offi cial may be appointed under the competition rules
and officiates if any of the three match officials is unable to continue,
unless a reserve assistant referee is appointed. He assists the
referee at all times.
.
Prior to the start of the competition, the organiser states clearly
whether, if the referee is unable to continue, the fourth offi cial
takes over as the match referee or whether the senior assistant
referee takes over as referee with the fourth offi cial becoming an
assistant referee
.
The fourth official assists with any administrative duties before,
during and after the match, as required by the referee
.
He is responsible for assisting with substitution procedures during
the match
.
He supervises the replacement footballs, where required. If the
match ball has to be replaced during a match, he provides another
ball, on the instruction of the referee, thus keeping the delay to a
minimum
.
He has the authority to check the equipment of substitutes before
they enter the field of play. If their equipment does not comply
with the Laws of the Game, he informs the referee
.
He must indicate to the referee when the wrong player is cautioned
because of mistaken identity or when a player is not sent
off having been seen to be given a second caution or when violent
conduct occurs out of the view of the referee and assistant referees.
The referee, however, retains the authority to decide on all
points connected with play
.
After the match, the fourth official must submit a report to the
appropriate authorities on any misconduct or other incident that
has occurred out of the view of the referee and the assistant referees.
The fourth official must advise the referee and his assistants
of any report being made
.
He has the authority to inform the referee of irresponsible behaviour
by any occupant of the technical area
.
A reserve assistant referee may also be appointed under competition
rules. His only duty shall be to replace an assistant referee
who is unable to continue or to replace the fourth offi cial, as
required.
58

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS
AND GUIDELINES FOR REFEREES

LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY LAW 1 – THE FIELD OF PLAY
Field markings

It is not permissible to mark the field of play with broken lines or
furrows.

If a player makes unauthorised marks on the field of play with his foot,
he shall be cautioned for unsporting behaviour. If the referee notices
this being done during the match, he shall caution the offending
player for unsporting behaviour when the ball next goes out of play.

Only the lines indicated in Law 1 are to be marked on the fi eld of
play.

Artifi cial turf

The colour of artifi cial pitches shall be green.

Commercial advertising

Commercial advertising shall be at least 1 metre from the boundary
lines of the fi eld of play.

LAW 2 – THE BALL LAW 2 – THE BALL
Additional balls

Additional balls may be placed around the field of play for use during
a match provided that they meet the requirements of Law 2 and their
use is under the control of the referee.

Extra balls on the field of play

If an extra ball enters the field of play during the match, the referee
shall stop the match only if it interferes with play. Play shall be restarted
by a dropped ball in the position where the match ball was at the
time when the match was stopped. * (see page 3)

If an extra ball enters the field of play during the match without interfering
with play, the referee shall have it removed at the earliest possible
opportunity.

LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS
Substitution Procedure

.
A substitution may be made only during a stoppage in play
.
The assistant referee, if appointed, signals that a substitution has
been requested
.
The player being substituted receives the referee’s permission to
leave the field of play, unless he is already off the field of play for
reasons that comply with the Laws of the Game
.
Before entering the field of play, the substitute waits for the player
he is replacing to leave the fi eld
.
The player being substituted is not obliged to leave the field of play
on the halfway line
.
Permission to proceed with a substitution may be refused under
certain circumstances, e.g. if the substitute is not ready to enter
the fi eld of play
.
A substitute who has not completed the substitution process by
setting foot onto the field of play cannot restart play by taking a
throw-in or corner kick
.
If a player who is about to be replaced refuses to leave the fi eld of
play, play continues
.
If a substitution is made during the half-time interval or before
extra time, the process is to be completed before the second half
or extra time kicks off
62

Extra persons on the field of play

Outside Agents

Anyone not indicated on the team list as a player, substitute or team
official is deemed to be an outside agent as is a player who has been
sent off.

If an outside agent enters the fi eld of play:

.
the referee shall stop play (although not immediately if the outside
agent does not interfere with play)
.
the referee shall have him removed from the field of play and its
immediate surroundings
.
if the referee stops the match, he shall restart play with a dropped
ball in the position where the ball was at the time when the match
was stopped. * (see page 3)
Team Offi cials

If a team offi cial enters the fi eld of play:

.
the referee shall stop play (although not immediately if the team
official does not interfere with play or if the advantage can be
applied)
.
the referee shall have him removed from the field of play and if his
behaviour is irresponsible the referee shall expel him from the fi eld
of play and its immediate surroundings
.
if the referee stops the match, he shall restart play with a dropped
ball in the position where the ball was at the time when the match
was stopped. * (see page 3)
63

LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS LAW 3 – THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS
Player outside the field of play

If, after leaving the field of play to correct unauthorised equipment or
kit, to be treated for an injury or bleeding, because he has blood on
his kit or for any other reason with the referee’s permission, a player
re-enters the field of play without the referee’s permission, the referee
shall:

.
stop play (although not immediately if the player does not interfere
with play or if the advantage can be applied)
.
caution the player for entering the field of play without permission
.
order the player to leave the field of play if necessary (infringement
of Law 4)

If the referee stops play, it shall be restarted

.
with an indirect free kick for the opposing team from the position
of the ball when play was stopped * (see page 3) if there is no
other infringement
.
in accordance with Law 12 if the player infringes this Law
If a player accidentally crosses one of the boundary lines of the fi eld
of play, he is not deemed to have committed an infringement. Going
off the field of play may be considered to be part of a playing movement.

Substitute or a substituted player

If a substitute or a substituted player enters the field of play without
permission

.
the referee shall stop play (although not immediately if the player
in question does not interfere with play or if the advantage can be
applied)
.
the referee shall caution him for unsporting behaviour
.
the player shall leave the fi eld of play
If the referee stops play, it shall be restarted with an indirect free kick
for the opposing team from the position of the ball when play was
stopped * (see page 3)

Goal scored with an extra person on the field of play

If, after a goal is scored, the referee realises, before play restarts, that
there was an extra person on the field of play when the goal was
scored:

.
the referee shall disallow the goal if:
–
the extra person was an outside agent and he interfered with
play
–
the extra person was a player, substitute, substituted player or
team offi cial associated with the team that scored the goal
.
the referee shall allow the goal if:
–
the extra person was an outside agent who did not interfere
with play
–
the extra person was a player, substitute, substituted player or
team offi cial associated with the team that conceded the goal
Minimum number of players

If the rules of a competition state that all of the players and substitutes
must be named before kick-off and a team begins a match with fewer
than 11 players, only the players named in the starting line-up may
complete the 11 upon their arrival.

In the opinion of the International F.A. Board a match shall not be
considered valid and shall be abandoned by the referee if fewer than
seven players remain on either team.

However, if a team has fewer than seven players because one or more
players has deliberately left the field of play, the referee is not obliged
to stop the match and the advantage may be played. In such cases,
the referee should not allow the match to resume after the ball has
gone out of play if a team does not have the minimum number of
7 players.

LAW 4 – THE PLAYERS’ EQUIPMENT LAW 4 – THE PLAYERS’ EQUIPMENT
Basic equipment

Colours:

.
All players including goalkeepers must wear a jersey with colours
that distinguish them from the referee and the assistant referees
.
If the jerseys of the two goalkeepers are the same colour and neither
has another jersey to change into, the referee shall allow play
to begin
If a player loses his footwear accidentally and immediately plays the
ball and/or scores a goal, there is no infringement and the goal is
awarded because he lost his footwear by accident.

Goalkeepers may wear track suit bottoms as past as his basic equipment.

Other equipment

A player may use equipment other than the basic equipment provided
that its sole purpose is to protect him physically and it poses no danger
to him or any other player.

All items of clothing or equipment other than the basic equipment must
be inspected by the referee and determined not to be dangerous.
Modern protective equipment such as headgear, facemasks and knee
and arm protectors made of soft, lightweight padded material are not
considered dangerous and are therefore permitted.

In view of the new technology that has made sports spectacles much
safer, both for the wearer and for other players, referees should show
tolerance when authorising their use, particularly for younger players.
If an item of clothing or equipment that has been inspected at the start
of a match and determined not to be dangerous becomes dangerous
or is used in a dangerous manner during the match, its use must no
longer be allowed.

The use of radio communication systems between players and/or technical
staff is not permitted.

Jewellery

All items of jewellery (necklaces, rings, bracelets, earrings, leather
bands, rubber bands etc.) are strictly forbidden and must be removed.
Using tape to cover jewellery is not acceptable.

Referees are also prohibited from wearing jewellery (except for a watch
or similar device for timing the match).

Disciplinary sanctions

The players are to be inspected before the match begins and substitutes
before they enter the field of play. If a player is discovered to be
wearing unauthorised clothing or jewellery during play, the referee
shall:

.
inform the player that the item in question must be removed
.
order the player to leave the field of play at the next stoppage if
he is unable or unwilling to comply

.
caution the player if he wilfully refuses to comply or, having been
told to remove the item, is discovered to be wearing the item
again
If play is stopped to caution the player, an indirect free kick shall be
awarded to the opposing team from the position of the ball when play
was stopped. * (see page 3)

LAW 5 – THE REFEREE LAW 5 – THE REFEREE
Powers & Duties

The referee is authorised to stop play if, in his opinion, the fl oodlights
are inadequate.

If an object thrown by a spectator hits the referee or one of the assistant
referees or a player or team official, the referee may allow the
match to continue, suspend play or abandon the match depending on
the severity of the incident. He shall, in all cases, report the incident(s)
to the appropriate authorities.

The referee has the power to show yellow or red cards during the
half-time interval and after the match has finished as well as during
extra time and kicks from the penalty mark, since the match remains
under his jurisdiction at these times.

If a referee is temporarily incapacitated for any reason, play may continue
under the supervision of the assistant referees until the ball next
goes out of play.

If a spectator blows a whistle and the referee considers the whistle
interfered with play (e.g. a player picks up the ball with his hands,
assuming that play has been stopped), the referee shall stop the match
and restart the play with a dropped ball from the position of the ball
when play was stopped. * (see page 3)

Advantage

Referees should consider the following circumstances in deciding
whether to apply the advantage or stop play:

.
The severity of the offence. If the infringement warrants an expulsion,
the referee shall stop play and send the player off unless there
is a subsequent opportunity to score a goal.
.
The position where the offence was committed: the closer to the
opponent’s goal, the more effective it can be.
.
The chances of an immediate, dangerous attack on the opponents’
goal.
.
The atmosphere of the match.
The decision to penalise the original offence must be taken within the
next few seconds.

If the offence warrants a caution, it shall be issued at the next stoppage.
However, unless there is a clear advantage, it is recommended
that the referee stops play and cautions the player immediately. If
the caution is NOT issued at the next stoppage, it cannot be shown
later.

LAW 5 – THE REFEREE LAW 5 – THE REFEREE
Injured players

The referee shall adhere to the following procedure when dealing with
injured players:

.
Play is allowed to continue until the ball is out of play if a player
is, in the opinion of the referee, only slightly injured
.
Play is stopped if, in the opinion of the referee, a player is seriously
injured
.
After questioning the injured player, the referee may authorise
one, or at most two doctors, to enter the field of play to assess
the injury and arrange the player’s safe and swift removal from the
fi eld of play
.
The stretcher-bearers should enter the field of play with a stretcher
at the same time as the doctors to allow the player to be removed
as quickly as possible
.
The referee shall ensure an injured player is safely removed from
the fi eld of play
.
A player is not allowed to receive treatment on the fi eld of play
.
Any player bleeding from a wound must leave the field of play. He
may not return until the referee is satisfied that the bleeding has
stopped. A player is not permitted to wear clothing with blood on it
.
As soon as the referee has authorised the doctors to enter the fi eld
of play, the player must leave the field of play, either on a stretcher
or on foot. If a player does not comply, he shall be cautioned for
unsporting behaviour
.
An injured player may only return to the field of play after the
match has restarted
.
When the ball is in play, an injured player must re-enter the fi eld of
play from the touch line. When the ball is out of play, the injured
player may re-enter from any of the boundary lines
.
Irrespective of whether the ball is in play or not, only the referee is
authorised to allow an injured player to re-enter the fi eld of play
.
The referee may give permission for an injured player to return to
the field of play if an assistant referee or the fourth offi cial verifi es
that the player is ready
.
If play has not otherwise been stopped for another reason, or if an
injury suffered by a player is not the result of a breach of the Laws
of the Game, the referee shall restart play with a dropped ball
70

.
The referee shall allow for the full amount of time lost through
injury to be played at the end of each period of play
.
Once the referee has decided to issue a card to a player who is
injured and has to leave the field of play for treatment, the referee
shall issue the card before the player leaves the fi eld of play
Exceptions to this ruling are to be made only when:

.
a goalkeeper is injured
.
a goalkeeper and an outfield player have collided and need immediate
attention
.
a severe injury has occurred, e.g. swallowed tongue, concussion,
broken leg.
More than one offence occurring at the same time

.
Offences committed by two players from the same team:
–
The referee shall punish the most serious offence when players
commit more than one offence at the same time.
–
Play shall be restarted according to the most serious offence
committed.
.
Offences committed by players from different teams:
–
The referee shall stop play and restart it with a dropped ball
from the position of the ball at the time of the stoppage * (see
page 3)
71

GUIDELINES FOR REFEREES GUIDELINES FOR REFEREES
Positioning with ball in play

Recommendations

.
The play should be between the referee and the lead assistant
referee.
.
The lead assistant referee should be within the referee’s fi eld of
vision. The referee should use a wide diagonal system.
.
Staying towards the outside of the play makes it easier to keep play
and the lead assistant referee within the referee’s fi eld of vision
.
The referee should be close enough to see play without interfering
with play
.
“What needs to be seen” is not always in the vicinity of the ball.
The referee should also pay attention to:
–
Aggressive individual player confrontations off the ball
–
Possible offences in the area towards which play is heading
–
Offences occurring after the ball is played away
Positioning in dead-ball situations

The best position is one from which the referee can make the right
decision. All recommendations about positioning are based on probabilities
and must be adjusted using specific information about the
teams, the players, and events in the match up to that point.

The positions suggested in the following graphics are basic and recommended
to referees. The reference to a “zone” is intended to emphasise
that every recommended position is actually an area within which
the referee is most likely to optimise his effectiveness. The zone may
be larger, smaller, or differently shaped depending on circumstances
at the moment in question.

1. Positioning for dead-ball situations – kick-off
2. Positioning for dead-ball situations – goal kick
73

GUIDELINES FOR REFEREES GUIDELINES FOR REFEREES
3. Positioning for dead-ball situations – corner kick (1)
4. Positioning for dead-ball situations – corner kick (2)
74

5. Positioning for dead-ball situations – free kick (1)
6. Positioning for dead-ball situations – free kick (2)
75

GUIDELINES FOR REFEREES GUIDELINES FOR REFEREES
7. Positioning for dead-ball situations – free kick (3)
8. Positioning for dead-ball situations – free kick (4)
76

9. Positioning for dead-ball situations – penalty kick
77

REFEREE SIGNALS REFEREE SIGNALS
Direct free kick

Advantage

Indirect free kick

Yellow card Red card

Use of whistle

The whistle is needed to:

. start play (1st, 2nd half), after a goal
. stop play
– for a free kick or penalty kick
– if match is suspended or terminated
– when a period of play has ended due to the expiration of time
. restart play at
– free kicks when the wall is ordered back the appropriate distance
– penalty kicks
. restart play after it has been stopped due to
– the issue of a yellow or red card for misconduct
– injury
– substitution
The whistle is NOT needed

. to stop play for:
– a goal kick, corner kick or throw-in
– a goal
. to restart play from
– a free kick, goal kick, corner kick, throw-in
A whistle which is used too frequently unnecessarily will have less
impact when it is needed. When a discretionary whistle is needed to
start play, the referee should clearly announce to the players that the
restart may not occur until after that signal.

Body language

Body language is a tool that the referee uses to:

. help him control the match
. show authority and self-control
Body language is not:

. an explanation of a decision
79

LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
Duties and responsibilities

The assistant referees help the referee to control the match in accordance
with the Laws of the Game. They also assist the referee in all
other matters involving the running of the match at the request and
direction of the referee. This commonly includes such matters as:

.
inspecting the fi eld, the balls used, and players’ equipment
.
determining if problems with equipment or bleeding have been
resolved
.
monitoring the substitution process
.
maintaining back-up records of time, goals and misconduct
Positioning and team work

1. Kick-off
The assistant referees shall be in line with the second last defender

2. General positioning during the match
The assistant referees shall be in line with the second last defender or
the ball, if it is nearer the goal line than the second last defender. The
assistant referees shall always face the fi eld of play.

LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
3. Goal kick
1.
The assistant referees shall check first if the ball is inside the goal
area:
.
If the ball is not placed correctly, the assistant referee shall not
move from his position, make eye contact with the referee and
raise his fl ag
2.
Once the ball is placed correctly inside the goal area, the assistant
referee shall move to the edge of the penalty area to check that
the ball leaves the penalty area (ball in play) and the attackers are
outside:
.
If the second last defender takes the goal kick, the assistant
referee shall move directly to the edge of the penalty area
3.
Finally, the assistant referee shall take a position to check the offside
line, which is a priority in any case
82

4. Goalkeeper releasing the ball
The assistant referees shall take a position in line with the edge of the
penalty area and check that the goalkeeper does not touch the ball
with his hands outside penalty area.

Once the goalkeeper has released the ball, the assistant referees shall
take a position to check the offside line, which is a priority in any
case.

LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
5. Penalty kick
The assistant referee shall be positioned at the intersection of the goal
line and the penalty area. If the goalkeeper blatantly moves forward
before the ball is kicked and a goal is not scored, the assistant referee
shall raise his fl ag.

6. Kicks from the penalty mark
One assistant referee shall be positioned at the intersection of the goal
line and the goal area. His main duty is to check if the ball crosses the
line.

.
When it is clear that the ball has crossed the goal line, the assistant
referee shall make eye contact with the referee without giving any
additional signal.
.
When a goal has been scored but it is not clear whether the ball
has crossed the line, the assistant referee shall first raise his fl ag to
attract the referee’s attention and then confi rm the goal.
The other assistant referee shall be situated in the centre circle to
control the remaining players from both teams.

LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
7. “Goal – No Goal” situations
When a goal has been scored and there is no doubt about the decision,
the referee and assistant referee shall make eye contact and
the assistant referee shall then run quickly 25-30 metres along the
touchline towards the halfway line without raising his fl ag.

When a goal has been scored but the ball appears still to be in play,
the assistant referee shall first raise his flag to attract the referee’s
attention then continue with the normal goal procedure of running
quickly 25-30 metres along the touchline towards the halfway line.

On occasions when the whole of the ball does not cross the goal line
and play continues as normal because a goal has not been scored,
the referee shall make eye contact with the assistant referee and if
necessary give a discreet hand signal.

LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
8. Corner kick
The assistant referee’s position for a corner kick is behind the corner
flag in line with the goal line. In this position he shall not interfere
with the player taking the corner kick. He shall check that the ball is
properly placed inside the corner arc.

9. Free kick
The assistant referee’s position for a free kick shall be in line with
the second last defender in order to check the offside line which is a
priority in any case. However, he shall be ready to follow the ball by
moving down the touchline towards the corner flag if there is a direct
shot on goal.

LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES LAW 6 – THE ASSISTANT REFEREES
Gestures

As a general rule, the assistant referee shall give no obvious hand
signals. However, in some instances a discreet hand signal may give
valuable support to the referee. The hand signal should have a clear
meaning. The meaning should have been discussed and agreed upon
in the pre-match discussion.

Running technique

Signal beep

As a general rule the assistant referee should face the pitch whilst running.
Side-to-side movement should be used for short distances, this
is especially important when judging offside and gives the assistant
referee a better line of vision.

Referees are reminded that the signal beep system is an additional
signal to be used only when necessary in order to gain the attention
of the referee.

Situations when the signal beep is useful include:

. Offside
. Fouls (outside the view of the referee)
. Throw-in, corner kick or goal kick (tight decisions)
. Goal situations (tight decisions)
90

ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
Substitution Throw-In Throw-In
for the attacker for the defender

Goal kick Corner kick

ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
Offside Offside on the Offside on the centre Offside on
near side of the fi eld of the fi eld the far side of the fi eld

Foul by defender Foul by attacker

Flag technique and team work

The assistant referee’s flag shall always be visible to the referee,
unfurled and still whilst running.

When making a signal, the assistant referee shall stop running, face
the field of play, make eye contact with the referee and raise the fl ag
with deliberate (not hasty or exaggerated) motions. The fl ag should
be like an extension of the arm.

The assistant referees shall raise the flag using the hand that will also
be used for the next signal in a sequence. If circumstances change and
the other hand must be used for the next signal, the assistant referee
should move his fl ag to the opposite hand below the waist.

Whenever the assistant referee signals that the ball is out of play, he
shall continue to signal until the referee acknowledges it.

Whenever the assistant referee signals for violent conduct and the
signal is not seen immediately,

.
if play has been stopped for disciplinary action to be taken, the
restart must be in accordance with the laws (free kick, penalty kick
etc.)
.
if play has restarted, only disciplinary action may be taken.
Throw-in

When the ball crosses the touchline near to the assistant referee’s
position, he shall make a direct signal to indicate the direction of the
throw-in.

When the ball crosses the touchline far from the assistant referee’s
position and the throw-in decision is an obvious one, the assistant
referee shall also make a direct signal to indicate the direction of the
throw-in.

When the ball crosses the touchline far from the assistant referee’s
position but the ball appears still to be in play or if the assistant referee
is in any doubt, the assistant referee shall raise his flag to inform the
referee that the ball is out of play, make eye contact with the referee
and follow the referee’s signal.

ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
Corner kick / Goal kick

When the ball crosses the goal line near to the assistant referee’s position,
he shall make a direct signal with his right hand (better line of
vision) to indicate whether it is a goal kick or a corner kick.

When the ball crosses the goal line near to the assistant referee’s position
but the ball appears still to be in play, the assistant referee shall
first raise his flag to inform the referee that the ball is out of play, then
indicate whether it is a goal kick or a corner kick.

When the ball crosses the goal line far from the assistant referee’s
position, the assistant referee shall raise his flag to inform the referee
that the ball is out of play, make eye contact and follow the referee’s
decision. The assistant referee may also make a direct signal if the
decision is an obvious one.

Offside

The first action the assistant referee makes after an offside decision is
to raise his flag. He then uses his flag to indicate the area of the pitch
in which the offence occurred.

If the flag is not immediately seen by the referee, the assistant referee
shall keep signalling until it has been acknowledged or the ball is
clearly in the control of the defending team.

The flag shall be raised using the right hand, giving the assistant a
better line of vision.

Substitution

When dealing with substitutions, the assistant referee shall fi rst be
informed by the fourth offi cial. The assistant referee shall then signal
to the referee at the next stoppage in the match. The assistant referee
does not need to move to the halfway line as the fourth offi cial carries
out the substitution procedure.

If there is no fourth official, the assistant referee shall assist with substitution
procedures. In this case, the referee shall wait until the assistant
referee is back in position before restarting play.

Fouls

The assistant referee shall raise his flag when a foul or misconduct is
committed in his immediate vicinity or out of the referee’s vision. In
all other situations, he shall wait and offer his opinion if it is required.
If this is the case, the assistant referee shall report what he has seen
and heard and which players are involved to the referee,

Before signalling for an offence, the assistant referee shall determine
that:

.
the offence occurred closer to the assistant referee than to the referee
(this applies, in certain circumstances, to offences committed
in the penalty area)
.
the offence was out of the view of the referee or the referee’s view
was obstructed
.
the referee would not have applied advantage if he had seen the
offence
When a foul or misconduct is committed, the assistant referee shall:

.
raise his flag with the same hand that will also be used for the
remainder of the signal, this gives the referee a clear indication as
to who was fouled,
.
make eye contact with the referee,
.
give his flag a slight wave back and forth (avoiding any excessive
or aggressive movement)
.
use the electronic BEEP signal, if necessary.
The assistant referee shall use the “wait and see technique” in order
to allow play to continue and not raise his flag when the team against
which an offence has been committed will benefi t from the advantage.
In this case, it is very important for the assistant referee to make
eye contact with the referee

ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS
Fouls outside the penalty area

When a foul is committed outside the penalty area (near the boundary
of the penalty area), the assistant referee shall make eye contact with
the referee to see where the referee is positioned and what action he
has taken. The assistant referee shall stand in line with the penalty
area and raise his fl ag if necessary.

In counter-attack situations, the assistant referee should be able to
give information such as whether or not a the foul has been committed
and whether a foul was committed inside or outside the penalty
area, which is a priority in any case, and what disciplinary action shall
be taken.

Fouls inside the penalty area

When a foul is committed inside the penalty area out of the vision of
the referee, especially if near to the assistant referee’s position, the
assistant referee shall first make eye contact with the referee to see
where the referee is positioned and what action he has taken. If the
referee has not taken any action, the assistant referee shall raise his
flag and use the electronic BEEP signal and then visibly move down
the touchline towards the corner fl ag.

Mass confrontation

In situations of mass confrontation, the nearest assistant referee may
enter the field of play to assist the referee. The other assistant referee
shall also observe and record details of the incident.

Consultation

When dealing with disciplinary issues, eye contact and a basic discreet
hand signal from the assistant referee to the referee may be enough
in some cases.

On occasions when direct consultation is required, the assistant referee
may advance 2-3 metres onto the field of play if necessary. When talking,
the referee and assistant referee shall both turn to face the pitch
to avoid being heard by others.

Wall distance

When a free kick is awarded very close to the touchline near the
assistant referee’s position, the assistant referee may enter the fi eld of
play to help ensure that the wall is positioned 9.15 m from the ball. He
will assert the distance from the position of the ball. In this case, the
referee shall wait until the assistant referee is back in position before
restarting play.

LAW 7 – THE DURATION OF THE MATCH LAW 7 – THE DURATION OF THE MATCH
Additional Time Allowance for Time Lost

Many stoppages in play are entirely natural (e.g. throw-ins, goal kicks).
An allowance is to be made only when these delays are excessive.

The fourth official indicates the minimum additional time decided by
the referee at the end of the fi nal minute of each period of play.

The announcement of the additional time does not indicate the exact
amount of time left in the match. The time may be increased if the
referee considers it appropriate but never reduced.

The referee shall not compensate for a timekeeping error during the
fi rst half by increasing or reducing the length of the second half.

LAW 8 – THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY LAW 8 – THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY
Dropped Ball

Any player may challenge for the ball (including the goalkeeper). There
is no minimum or maximum number of players required to contest a
dropped ball. The referee cannot decide who may or may not contest
a dropped ball.

LAW 9 – THE BALL IN AND OUT PLAY LAW 9 – THE BALL IN AND OUT PLAY
The ball inside the field of play touches a person other than a player

If, when the ball is in play, it touches the referee or an assistant referee
who is temporarily on the field of play, play continues because the
referee and the assistant referees are part of the match.

100

LAW 10 – THE METHOD OF SCORING LAW 10 – THE METHOD OF SCORING
No Goal

If a referee signals a goal before the ball has passed wholly over the
goal line and immediat